The body tissues are composed of numerous types of cell, including those found in muscles, nerves and skin. Vacuoles, when present, are more in number and much smaller than those in the plant cell. Unlike plant cells, animal cells have neither a cell wall nor chloroplasts. Metazoans do not include the sponges, which have undifferentiated cells. They have an internal digestive chamber, with one or two openings the gametes are produced in multicellular sex organs, and the zygotes include a blastula stage in their embryonic development. Most animals have bodies differentiated into separate tissues and these animals are also known as eumetazoans. The kingdom Animalia contains multicellular organisms that are heterotrophic and motile (although some have secondarily adopted a sessile lifestyle). Stylized cutaway diagram of an animal cell (with flagella) The structure and tissues of plants are of a dissimilar nature and they are studied in plant anatomy. The term zootomy is also sometimes used to specifically refer to non-human animals. However, substantially the same structures and tissues are found throughout the rest of the animal kingdom and the term also includes the anatomy of other animals. The term 'anatomy' is commonly taken to refer to human anatomy. Angiography using X-rays or magnetic resonance angiography are methods to visualize blood vessels. Methods used include dissection, in which a body is opened and its organs studied, and endoscopy, in which a video camera-equipped instrument is inserted through a small incision in the body wall and used to explore the internal organs and other structures. ДЄnatomy can be studied using both invasive and non-invasive methods with the goal of obtaining information about the structure and organization of organs and systems. Microscopic anatomy is the study of structures on a microscopic scale, along with histology (the study of tissues), and embryology (the study of an organism in its immature condition). Gross anatomy is the study of structures large enough to be seen with the naked eye, and also includes superficial anatomy or surface anatomy, the study by sight of the external body features. The discipline of anatomy can be subdivided into a number of branches including gross or macroscopic anatomy and microscopic anatomy. For example, an anatomist is concerned with the shape, size, position, structure, blood supply and innervation of an organ such as the liver while a physiologist is interested in the production of bile, the role of the liver in nutrition and the regulation of bodily functions. Anatomy is quite distinct from physiology and biochemistry, which deal respectively with the functions of those parts and the chemical processes involved. It includes the appearance and position of the various parts, the materials from which they are composed, their locations and their relationships with other parts. Methods have also improved dramatically, advancing from the examination of animals by dissection of carcasses and cadavers (corpses) to 20th century medical imaging techniques including X-ray, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging.ДЄ dissected body, lying prone on a table, by Charles LandseerДerived from the Greek бјЂОЅО±П„ОїОјО® anatomД“ 'dissection' (from бјЂОЅО±П„ООјОЅП‰ anatГ©mnЕЌ 'I cut up, cut open' from бјЂОЅО¬ anГЎ 'up', and П„ООјОЅП‰ tГ©mnЕЌ 'I cut'), anatomy is the scientific study of the structure of organisms including their systems, organs and tissues. The history of anatomy is characterized by a progressive understanding of the functions of the organs and structures of the human body. Microscopic anatomy involves the use of optical instruments in the study of the tissues of various structures, known as histology, and also in the study of cells. Gross anatomy also includes the branch of superficial anatomy. Macroscopic anatomy, or gross anatomy, is the examination of an animal's body parts using unaided eyesight. The discipline of anatomy is divided into macroscopic and microscopic. Human anatomy is one of the essential basic sciences that are applied in medicine. Anatomy and physiology, which study the structure and function of organisms and their parts respectively, make a natural pair of related disciplines, and are often studied together. Anatomy is inherently tied to developmental biology, embryology, comparative anatomy, evolutionary biology, and phylogeny, as these are the processes by which anatomy is generated, both over immediate and long-term timescales. It is an old science, having its beginnings in prehistoric times. Anatomy is a branch of natural science] which deals with the structural organization of living things. Anatomy (from Ancient Greek бјЂОЅО±П„ОїОјО® ( anatomбё—)В ' dissection') is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts.

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